2025, Vol. 7, Issue 7, Part A

Author(s): Adam Omar Karia and Ghanima Chanzi

Abstract: In an era of rapid technological advancement and evolving labor market demands, education systems must adapt to prepare learners for the future of work. Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) plays a pivotal role in equipping individuals with the practical skills necessary for socio-economic transformation, especially in the context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (Industry 4. 4.0). However, in Tanzania, systemic challenges such as outdated curricula, limited practical training, and weak industry linkages hinder the effectiveness of TVET programs. This study conducted a comprehensive review of TVET and Competency-Based Education and Training (CBET) systems in Africa, with a specific focus on Tanzania. From an initial pool of 427 publications, 138 met the inclusion criteria, and 72 were selected for final analysis following a full-text review. To ensure methodological rigor, these studies were evaluated using modified Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) guidelines. The review identified key challenges affecting TVET systems in Africa, including inadequate infrastructure, limited instructor capacity, and insufficient collaboration among industry, government, and training institutions. A critical finding was the lack of a sustainable funding model for TVET and CBET implementation. Furthermore, the study underscored the importance of career guidance in enhancing program outcomes, noting a gap in research in this area. The review recommends adopting adaptive curricula, sustainable financing mechanisms, innovation-driven strategies, and establishing national and regional centers of excellence to drive systemic reforms. Aligning TVET with Industry 4. 4.0 requires targeted investments in digital infrastructure, instructor development, artificial intelligence integration, and the application of the Triple Helix model of innovation. The study concludes that robust TVET and CBET systems enhance productivity, address skills mismatches, foster innovation, and expand economic opportunities. These reforms are key to achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), strategic skills development, youth empowerment, and economic integration. The study calls upon African policymakers, educators, technologists, and industry leaders to collaborate in transforming TVET and unlocking the continent' s human capital potential.

DOI: 10.33545/27068919.2025.v7.i7a.1545

Pages: 51-58 | Views: 1122 | Downloads: 389

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