2025, Vol. 7, Issue 10, Part A

Author(s): Yusuf HN, Hamid AA, Nur MI, Ebenuwa NH, Abdullahi IM, Nguidde HN and Muhammad Nur Ishaq

Abstract: Preliminary phytochemical investigation of aqeous extract of Elettaria cardamomum revealed the presence of flavanoids, tannins, terpenoids, alkaloids, saponins and glycosides. Chemical test was carried out on the aqueous extract and on the powdered specimens using standard procedures to identify the constituents. The aqeous extract gave a clear zone of inhibition against the growth of the test bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia colia, Pseudomona aeruginosa, Salmonellae typhi, Klebsiellae pneumonae) at moderate to high concentrations, as well as a test on fungi (Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium notatum and Rhizophus stolonifera) at high concentration. The plant showed presence of 9 compounds in total which was identified using Gas Chromatographic-Mass Spectrometric (GC-MS) analysis of the aqeous fraction of Elettaria cardamomum with about six major constituents; Cyclohexan-1,4,5-triol-3-one-1-carboxylic acid (44.04%), Acetic acid, methoxy-(.27.82%), Butane, 2-ethoxy-(5.64%), 2,3-Butanediol (14.13%), 7-Hexadecenoic acid, methyl ester, (Z)-(4.36%), Ethyl 9-hexadecenoate (4.00%). Some phytochemical constituents present in the extract in small amount include ethyl ester, 9-Octadecenoic acid, trans-2, 4-Decadienol, Methyl myristoleate, (Z)-9-Tetradecenoic acid. The GC-MS of the extract revealed various bioactive compounds in which their biological activity can be attributed to ethno medicinal uses of plant which was found Cyclohexan-1,4,5-triol-3-one-1-carboxylic acid to be the principal compound in extract of the seeds and was responsible for antibacterial and antifungal infections. The presence of these phytochemicals is an indicator that the seed can be a potential source of precursors in the development of pharmaceutics. It is recommended that further study should carry on the characteristic of the isolated chemical constituents using nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H and ¹³C), and HPLC.

DOI: 10.33545/27068919.2025.v7.i10a.1699

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