2024, Vol. 6, Issue 11, Part A

Author(s): Dr. Manoj Kumar Sinha

Abstract: This study provides a comprehensive review of photovoltaic (PV) technology, detailing the historical development, current trends, and future prospects of solar cells. The focus is primarily on silicon-based technologies, which dominate the solar industry due to their high efficiency and well-established manufacturing processes. Monocrystalline and polycrystalline silicon solar cells are reviewed, highlighting their historical significance and current market dominance. Emerging thin-film technologies, such as amorphous silicon (a-Si), cadmium telluride (CdTe), and copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS), are also discussed, particularly in relation to their lower cost and flexible applications. Present study explores cutting-edge developments in perovskite and tandem solar cells, which offer significant potential for efficiency improvements and cost reductions. Theoretical predictions on solar cell efficiency are made based on past trends, suggesting that tandem and perovskite technologies may reach efficiencies exceeding 30% in the near future. Key challenges, including material stability, scalability, and environmental concerns, are addressed as obstacles to the widespread adoption of emerging technologies. This review emphasizes that while silicon will continue to be the primary material for solar cells, innovations in thin-film and hybrid technologies will play a critical role in advancing solar energy's contribution to global energy needs.

DOI: 10.33545/27068919.2024.v6.i11a.1294

Pages: 42-48 | Views: 61 | Downloads: 17

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