2024, Vol. 6, Issue 11, Part A

Author(s): Abhishek Kumar

Abstract: The Theory of Vak (Speech) in Trika Shaivism offers a profound and intricate understanding of the nature and stages of speech, integrating metaphysical, philosophical, and linguistic dimensions. Rooted in the ancient wisdom of Kashmir Shaivism, this theory delineates the process of speech through four distinct stages: Para, Pashyanti, Madhyama, and Vaikhari (Gross Speech). Each stage represents a different level of manifestation, from the subtlest form of intention and thought to the articulated, audible expression. The contribution of Bhartrhari, an important figure in Indian linguistic philosophy, has been phenomenal to this discourse through his seminal work, Vākyapadīya. A key element of his conception of language is the notion of sphoṭa, a term possibly derived from an ancient grammarian named Sphoṭāyana, mentioned by Pāṇini. Sphoṭa represents the indivisible and instantaneous flash of meaning that transcends the sequential nature of spoken words, highlighting the inherent unity and completeness of linguistic expression. In the context of Trika Shaivism, Para represents the supreme and transcendental level of speech, rooted in pure consciousness and undifferentiated thought. Pashyanti is the stage where this undifferentiated thought begins to take form, perceived as a direct vision or inner sound. Madhyama is the intermediate stage where thought becomes more concrete but is still internal, characterized by mental discourse. Finally, Vaikhari is the gross, articulated speech that we hear and use in daily communication. This paper explores the esoteric aspects of the Vak theory, examining how speech transitions from the unmanifest (Para) to the perceptible (Vaikhari), and its implications for understanding consciousness and reality in Trika Shaivism. By synthesizing classical texts and contemporary interpretations, the study aims to elucidate the transformative power of speech and its role in the spiritual journey within the Trika tradition. Furthermore, it discusses the philosophical insights provided by Bhartrhari’s concept of sphoṭa and its relevance to the understanding of language and consciousness in Trika Shaivism. This integrative approach sheds light on the profound connection between speech, thought, and reality, offering a comprehensive view of the spiritual and linguistic dimensions of human experience.

DOI: 10.33545/27068919.2024.v6.i11a.1286

Pages: 05-10 | Views: 326 | Downloads: 107

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