2024, Vol. 6, Issue 1, Part A

The increasing frequency and severity of emergencies has underscored the need for improved training tools for responders and effective communication platforms for the public. Web-based interactive mapping platforms, particularly those developed with Geographic Information Systems (GIS) such as ArcGIS Online, offer promising avenues for enhancing comprehension, situational awareness, and decision-making in emergency contexts. However, little empirical research has evaluated which specific design choices in interactive maps most influence user comprehension and task performance in both professional responder training and broader community education. This study designed and evaluated a series of ArcGIS Online web maps tailored for simulated emergency scenarios, including hazardous material spills, severe weather events, and active incident response. A user-centered design process guided map development, incorporating stakeholder input from first responders and community representatives. Usability testing was then conducted with 86 participants, divided into professional responder and community user groups, who completed task-based exercises requiring information retrieval, route selection, and situational interpretation. Data collected included task accuracy, completion time, error rates, and post-task survey responses on usability and perceived clarity. Statistical analysis revealed that map features such as simplified symbology, consistent labeling, and scenario-specific layer toggles significantly improved accuracy and reduced time-on-task for both user groups (p<0.05). In contrast, excessive layers and complex symbology decreased comprehension, particularly for community participants. Responders benefited most from features such as dynamic incident layers and integrated routing functions, while community users preferred visual clarity and intuitive legends. The findings highlight the importance of tailoring map design to the intended audience and confirm that user-centered web maps can enhance both emergency preparedness training and public awareness. The study concludes with recommendations for integrating interactive mapping platforms into responder curricula and public risk communication strategies.