2022, Vol. 4, Issue 4, Part A

Smart Grid is combining the electrical power grid with modern information and communication technologies (ICT). Smart grid is one of the highly uncertain and non-deterministic large scale system. Two-way communication, consumer participation, renewable energies and storage are important features of the smart grid. In the existing power grid, the meter is an end point at consumer for any home/building which gives the information of energy consumption for any utility company. Advances in Internet of Things (IoT) which include wireless sensor networks, machine to machine technologies facilitate the fine grained level of sensing/monitoring and control till the appliance level. In the presence of smart appliances and smart meters, lot of real time data is available which give rise to new optimization problems in this space. The model follows the flow of sensors deployment, sense, communicate the sensor data, collaborate and optimize with the real time data. Optimizations in smart grids are difficult because of uncertainty in the supply and fluctuating demand especially due to penetration of distributed renewable energy sources and active participation from consumers. Even though efforts are on to increase generation capacity, there is significant potential and need to improve the existing power grid infrastructure by utilizing intelligent grid state aware optimal generation, distribution, and loads. Each country has a smart grid vision and the priorities change based on the needs of the country. But managing peak power, integration of renewable energy and demand response programs are few of the common aspects in smart grid vision statements of the countries including developing countries such as India and developed countries such as United Kingdom (UK) and United States of America (USA).