2022, Vol. 4, Issue 1, Part A

In order to decentralize large cities (metropolitan areas) that have population overflows and limitations in physical expansion, the creation of new towns with dependent, independent, or satellite identities is one of the dominant ideas among urban experts and urban planners.

New towns are purposefully planned urban communities that have been established since the beginning of the twentieth century to solve the demographic (overcrowding and congestion of large cities) and economic problems of metropolitan areas and countries. New towns are created in rural or undeveloped areas to be self-sufficient and mostly their land is transformed from rural to urban. New towns are constructed within a predetermined period of time generally with government sponsorship.

The purpose of this article is to examine the need to create new towns and to identify their developments in the Post-War era (1945 onwards) in different countries with different perspectives and programs.

According to the outcomes of this research and a look at the experiences of different countries in the creation of new towns, it can be said that in countries where the need to build and locate new towns has been in line with their comprehensive national and regional policies, also using the support of private and governmental policies (such as preparation, lending, land, etc.) draw the attention of planners for considering the jobs needed and other reasonable needs of immigrants in the new towns. Respectively, such things have led to the success of creating various forms of new towns (independent towns, satellite towns, dependent towns).

In contrast, countries that have created new towns, regardless of their cultural and territorial functions, from one hand and the lack of necessary infrastructure, as well as the lack of provision for financing, job opportunities, and other needs in such towns, on the other hand, such countries did not have much success in the formation and expansion of new towns.